Thirty questions on urinalysis: what the test covers and when to order it, the physical examination of urine — color, transparency and odor — reagent strip technique, and each of the nine parameters in turn. Specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, ketones, leukocyte esterase, nitrites, blood and bilirubin. Then the differentiation objective: telling hematuria, hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria apart when the pad cannot, and correlating a set of findings with the patient in front of you. You are not asked to recall reference ranges. Professor Gopal was explicit: “I’m not asking that you memorize ranges … but I do want you to know if there should just be none present at all. If there’s a range involved, it’ll be provided for you.” So knowing which pads read negative in a healthy person is fair game, and no question here turns on a number you have to have memorized. Nothing asks you to calculate. The blood pad detects heme, which sits in red cells, free hemoglobin and myoglobin alike, so a positive result never tells you which. What separates them is what else is true — intact cells on microscopy, a raised unconjugated bilirubin, or a raised creatine phosphokinase. That distinction carries a whole objective. Every question cites its slide, and the handful drawn from the recording say so.
Answers reveal only after you choose. Your score and a breakdown by objective appear at the end, with a review of everything you missed.